References

Don’t take my word for it

Here you’ll find every footnote in Overton’s Garden in one place, with live links so you can follow them from wherever you’re reading.

There are a lot of references in this book because I believe that if I’m going to ask you to consider new perspectives, I should be transparent about key sources of information so that you can explore them yourself. Pull on the threads that interest you and go on your own adventure.

Footnotes

Every link below was correct at the time of writing. The web moves on, though — pages get renamed, put behind paywalls or quietly taken down. If one of these leads nowhere, try pasting the address into the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine at web.archive.org, which often holds a copy of the page as it was.

Part Zero

Artificial Light

Chapter 1 Turn on the good news

  1. “The Overton Window,” Mackinac Center for Public Policy, mackinac.org

Chapter 2 Getting to the root of sustainability

  1. Bill Mollison and David Holmgren, “What is Permaculture?” DogsGoWoof Productions, YouTube, 18 October 2017, youtube.com
  2. World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), “Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future,” United Nations, March 1987, pp. 15 & 37 in pdf, are.admin.ch
  3. A. H. Maslow, “A Theory of Human Motivation,” Classics in the History of Psychology, originally published in Psychological Review, 50, pp. 370-396, 1943, psychclassics.yorku.ca
  4. “Design Science Advisory Services,” Buckminster Fuller Institute, bfi.org

Back to contents

Part One

Overgrowth

Chapter 3 An oily olive branch

  1. Shannon Hall, “Exxon Knew about Climate Change almost 40 years ago,” Scientific American, 26 October 2015, scientificamerican.com
  2. “Examining the Oil Industry’s Efforts to Suppress the Truth about Climate Change,” U.S. Government Publishing Office, Text of Hearing before the Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties of the Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives, 116 Congress, First Session, 23 October 2019, congress.gov
  3. G. Supran, S. Rahmstorf, and N. Oreskes, “Assessing ExxonMobil’s global warming projections,” Science, Volume 379, No. 6628, science.org

Chapter 4 Creative accounting

  1. “Past Earth Overshoot Days,” Earth Overshoot Day, overshoot.footprintnetwork.org
  2. “About Us,” Greenhouse Gas Protocol, ghgprotocol.org
  3. John Stauber, “BP Oil's $200 Million Greenwashing Campaign,” The Center for Media and Democracy’s PR Watch, 7 December 2002, prwatch.org
  4. Mark Kaufman, “The carbon footprint sham,” The Mashable 101, 2026, mashable.com
  5. Bradford Plumer, “The Origins of Anti-Litter Campaigns,” Mother Jones, 22 May 2006, motherjones.com
  6. “Iron Eyes Cody,” Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org
  7. Carol Rasmussen, “Emission Reductions From Pandemic Had Unexpected Effects on Atmosphere,” Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 9 November 2021, jpl.nasa.gov

Chapter 5 Capturing hot air

  1. Gary Graham Hughes, “California Legislature Backs Off Of Net Zero Plan, Overwhelmingly Approves Geoengineering Bill Promoting Direct Air Capture, BECCS And Nature-based Solutions,” Biofuelwatch, 11 September 2021, biofuelwatch.org.uk
  2. Bruce Robertson, “Carbon capture has a long history. Of failure,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 1 September 2022, thebulletin.org
  3. “The History of the Electric Car,” U.S. Department of Energy, 15 September 2014, energy.gov
  4. Who Killed the Electric Car, writer/director Chris Paine, narrated by Martin Sheen, imdb.com. At the time of this publication, the film can be viewed on YouTube at youtube.com.
  5. “Automaker Lobbying Against Climate Policy Threatens the Electric Vehicle Transition,” Influence Map Report, 14 May 2024, influencemap.org
  6. David Cebon, “Pursuing the hydrogen economy as a climate solution will be a big mistake,” Inside Track/Green Alliance, 11 February 2021, greenallianceblog.org.uk
  7. Jim Klein and Martha Olson, excerpts from the film Taken for a Ride, Culture Change, Issue 10, 5 March 2013, culturechange.org
  8. “Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator - Calculations and References,” United States Environmental Protection Agency, updated 30 March 2026, epa.gov
  9. Leonie Meissner et al, “Carbon dioxide removal prices and the challenge of emissions trading system integration,” 8 June 2026, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, lse.ac.uk
  10. “Scope 3 Frequently Asked Questions,” Greenhouse Gas Protocol, June 2022, ghgprotocol.org
  11. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates average global oil production for 2026 at 102.6 million barrels per day, which at a carbon removal price of $79/barrel is equivalent to $2.9 trillion (iea.org).

Chapter 6 Net Zero science

  1. “Recent Daily Average Mauna Loa CO2,” Global Monitoring Laboratory, 12 July 2026, gml.noaa.gov
  2. “Fossil fuel CO2 emissions increase again in 2024,” Global Carbon Project, 13 November 2024, globalcarbonbudget.org
  3. “What’s the potential of a trillion trees?” Crowther Lab, crowtherlab.com
  4. Blanca Bernal, Lara Thelle Murray, and Timothy R H Pearson, “Global carbon dioxide removal rates from forest landscape restoration activities,” Carbon Balance and Management 13(1), November 2018, researchgate.net
  5. Technical University of Munich (TUM), “Mixed forests: Ecologically and economically superior,” ScienceDaily, 9 May 2018, sciencedaily.com
  6. Suzanne Simard, Finding the Mother Tree: Discovering the Wisdom of the Forest (Allen Lane / Alfred A. Knopf, 2021)
  7. “Carbon Credit Prices in 2026: What Companies Actually Pay,” Senken, 29 June 2026, senken.io

Chapter 7 Save the whales

  1. “Bangudae Petroglyphs,” Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org
  2. Gašper Beguš et al, “The phonology of sperm whale coda vowels,” Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Volume 293, Issue 2069, April 2026, doi.org
  3. Constance Bond, “For the First Time in 93 Years, a 19th-Century Whaling Ship Sets Sail,” Smithsonian Magazine, 15 May 2014, smithsonianmag.com
  4. Hannah Ritchie, “Global whaling peaked in the 1960s,” Our World in Data, 30 November 2022, ourworldindata.org
  5. Kenneth Hansen, Christian Breyer, and Henrik Lund, “Status and perspectives on 100% renewable energy systems,” ScienceDirect, Volume 175, pp. 471-480, 15 May 2019, sciencedirect.com
  6. “John Christy on making sense of data in the climate change debate,” Academic Influence, YouTube, 1 December 2020, youtube.com
  7. Zhanna Kapsalyamova and Sergey Paltsev, “Use of natural gas and oil as a source of feedstocks,” ScienceDirect, Volume 92, Article 104984, 6 November 2020, sciencedirect.com
  8. “Oil yields by crop type, World, 2023,” Our World in Data, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025), ourworldindata.org
  9. “Amazon Rainforest,” Brittanica, britannica.com
  10. “The New Plastics Economy: Rethinking the future of plastics,” World Economic Forum, Ellen MacArthur Foundation and McKinsey & Company, 2016, ellenmacarthurfoundation.org
  11. “Pareto Principle,” Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org
  12. William Stanley Jevons, “The Coal Question,” Online Library of Liberty (OLL), oll.libertyfund.org
  13. Kerryn Higgs, “A Brief History of Consumer Culture,” The MIT Press Reader, 11 January 2021, thereader.mitpress.mit.edu
  14. John Maynard Keynes, “Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren,” The Economics Network, (orig. publication The Nation, 11 October 1930 and Athenæum, 18 October 1930), economicsnetwork.ac.uk
  15. Kerryn Higgs, “A Brief History of Consumer Culture,” The MIT Press Reader, 11 January 2021, thereader.mitpress.mit.edu
  16. Frederick Allen, Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the 1920's, (Harper & Row Perennial Library, 1964, first published 1 January 1931), p. 140. At the time of this publication, you can find the full text at gutenberg.net.au
  17. Madeleine Vollebregt et al, “Reducing without losing: Reduced consumption and its implications for well-being,” ScienceDirect, Volume 45, March 2024, pp. 91-103, sciencedirect.com

Chapter 8 Slave Drivers

  1. Interview With David Comissiong, “Why is Drax Hall important to The Reparations Movement?” Repair Campaign, 2 May 2024, repaircampaign.org
  2. David Olusoga, “The Drax Family Dynasty and the Business of Slavery,” Cutlass (Caribbean Labour Solidarity, 2023), p. 2, cushion.community-languages.org.uk
  3. “Energy Consumption in the UK (ECUK): 1970 to 2023,” Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, 26 September 2024, assets.publishing.service.gov.uk
  4. “Energy Institute releases 2024 Statistical Review of World Energy,” DieselNet, 21 June 2024, dieselnet.com
  5. “Electricity access rate in the least electrified countries in 2023,” Statista, 12 February 2026, statista.com
  6. “Energy use per person vs. GDP per capita, 2024,” Our World in Data, ourworldindata.org
  7. Abhishek Dey & Nikita Yadav, “'How does one survive?': Factory protests expose strain in India's industrial system,” BBC, 16 April 2026, bbc.com
  8. “Calculating a Living Wage,” asia.floorwage.org, referenced 2026, asia.floorwage.org
  9. “Clean (dirty) energy: Sourcing solar energy without Uyghur forced labour,” Unison, 1 August 2022, unison.org.uk
  10. John Locke, “Second Treatise of Government,” Project Gutenberg, gutenberg.org

Chapter 9 Pulling Back

  1. Patrick Vinton Kirch and D. E. Yen, Tikopia: the prehistory and ecology of a Polynesian outlier (Bishop Museum Press, 1982)
  2. Frank Götmark, “Do three Pacific islands provide lessons for achieving a sustainable human population?” The Overpopulation Project, 28 March, 2023, overpopulation-project.com
  3. “Carl Sagan testifying before Congress in 1985 on climate change,”, carlsagandotcom, YouTube, 19 August 2021, youtube.com. Originally broadcast on C-Span, 10 December 1985, full broadcast at c-span.org.

Back to contents

Part Two

Fauna

Chapter 10 Caution — Wildlife Ahead

  1. Genesis 3:19, The Bible, Authorized King James Version with Apocrypha (Oxford University Press, 15 May 2008)
  2. A. R. George (translator), The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic (Oxford University Press, 25 September 2003), pp. 549-551
  3. Sharon DeWitte, “Old age isn’t a modern phenomenon – many people lived long enough to grow old in the olden days, too,” University of South Carolina, 10 August 2022, sc.edu
  4. Michael Gurven and Hillard Kaplan, “Longevity Among Hunter- Gatherers: A Cross-Cultural Examination,” Population and Development Review, 29 May 2007, onlinelibrary.wiley.com
  5. Curtis W. Marean et al, “Early human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene,” Nature, Volume 449, pp. 905–908, 18 October 2007, doi.org
  6. Johannes Krause et al, “The Derived FOXP2 Variant of Modern Humans Was Shared with Neandertals,” Current Biology, Volume 17, Issue 21, 6 November 2007, doi.org
  7. Marshall Sahlins, Stone Age Economics (Routledge Classics, 2017), p. 1
  8. Peter Gray, “How Hunter-Gatherers Maintained Their Egalitarian Ways,” Psychology Today, 16 May 2011, psychologytoday.com
  9. Christopher Boehm, Hierarchy in the Forest: The Evolution of Egalitarian Behavior (Harvard University Press, 2001), p. 65
  10. Yoel Melamed et al, “The plant component of an Acheulian diet at Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov, Israel,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), pnas.org
  11. Jennifer C. Chen et al, “Stable isotope chemistry reveals plant-dominant diet among early foragers on the Andean Altiplano, 9.0–6.5 cal. Ka,” PLOS One, Public Library of Science, 24 January 2021, doi.org
  12. Knud Rasmussen, Intellectual culture of the Iglulik Eskimos, (Copenhagen : Gyldendalske Boghandel, 1929), p. 56. At the time of this publication, you can find the full text at en.wikisource.org
  13. Martin Luther, Luther’s Works, American Edition (St. Louis/Philadelphia : Concordia Publishing House/Fortress Press,1958-86)
  14. Andrew Linzey and Dorothy Yamamoto, Animals on the Agenda (SCM Press, 1998), pp. 3-4
  15. Jim Mason, An Unnatural Order (Continuum, 1998), p. 86
  16. Lidar Sapir-Hen et al, “Human Hunting and Nascent Animal Management at Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic Yiftah'el, Israel,” PLOS One, Public Library of Science, 6 July 2016, doi.org
  17. Elizabeth Fisher, Woman's creation: Sexual evolution and the shaping of society (McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1980), p. 192
  18. Jim Mason, An Unnatural Order (Continuum, 1998), p. 173
  19. James Serpell, In the Company of Animals (Blackwell, 1986), p. 210
  20. B.A.L. Cranstone, “Animal Husbandry: The Evidence from Ethnography,” The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals, ed. G. W. Dimbleby (Routledge, 2008)
  21. Homer Aschmann, “Geographical and Ecological Perspectives,” Man, culture, and animals: The role of animals in human ecological adjustments, ed. Anthony Leeds and Andrew P. Vayda (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1965), pp. 259-270
  22. Jim Mason, An Unnatural Order (Continuum, 1998), p. 141
  23. “Mystery of the domestication of the horse solved,” University of Cambridge, 8 May 2012, cam.ac.uk
  24. Peggy Reeves Sanday, Female Power and Male Dominance (Cambridge University Press, 1981), p. 171

Chapter 11 Animal nature

  1. Tim G Benton et al, “Distribution of global biomass across all mammals and birds,” fig. 1 from “Food system impacts on biodiversity loss: Three levers for food system transformation in support of nature,” Chatham House, February 2021, researchgate.net
  2. Pablo Rosado, “More than 80 billion land animals are slaughtered for meat every year,” Our World in Data, 31 May 2024, ourworldindata.org
  3. Alison Mood and Phil Brooke, “Estimating global numbers of fishes caught from the wild annually from 2000 to 2019,” Animal Welfare, Volume 33, Cambridge University Press, 08 February 2024, cambridge.org
  4. Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser, “Half of the world’s habitable land is used for agriculture,” Our World in Data, 16 February 2024, ourworldindata.org
  5. Jesse Peterson, “How Animal Agriculture Is Accelerating Global Deforestation,” Earth.org, 22 February 2024, earth.org
  6. Matthew N Hayek, “The infectious disease trap of animal agriculture,” Science Advances 8(44), National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 2 November 2022, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  7. “Pathways towards lower emissions – A global assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation options from livestock agrifood systems,” FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), Rome, 2023. doi.org
  8. Jim Mason, An Unnatural Order (Continuum, 1998), p. 195
  9. Malin Angantyr, Jakob Eklund, and Eric M. Hansen, “A Comparison of Empathy for Humans and Empathy for Animals,” Anthrozoös, Volume 24, Issue 4, 2011, pp. 369-377 (published online by Taylor and Francis, 28 April 2015), tandfonline.com
  10. Kevin Loria, “The FBI is going to start tracking animal abuse in order to predict violent crimes,” Business Insider, 5 December 2015, businessinsider.com
  11. R. M. MacNair, Perpetration-induced traumatic stress: The psychological consequences of killing (Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002)
  12. Black Elk, Touch the Earth, compiled by T. C. McLuhan (Outerbridge & Dienstfrey, 1971), p. 15
  13. “About Us – History,” The Vegan Society, vegansociety.com
  14. Leslie J. Cross, “The Vegan Story,” The Vegan, Volume 9, No. 7, Winter 1955, p. 17
  15. Ibid., p. 19
  16. Ibid., p. 18
  17. Ibid., p. 18-19
  18. Ibid., p. 20

Chapter 12 Good shepherds

  1. Jeremy DeSilva et al, “Human brains have shrunk: the questions are when and why,” Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 21 June 2023, doi.org
  2. Aldous Huxley, Brave New World, Foreword to 37th Printing (Bantam Books, 1968), p. pxii
  3. Aldous Huxley, Brave New World Revisited (Chatto & Windus, 1959), p. 154
  4. James Madison, “The Federalist Papers : No. 10,” The Avalon Project, Yale Law School, avalon.law.yale.edu
  5. Plato, The Republic, Book VIII, trans. C.D.C. Reeve (Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 2004). At the time of this publication, you can find the full text at static1.squarespace.com
  6. Gustave Le Bon, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, (T. Fisher Unwin, 1896 / Routledge, 1995). At the time of this publication, you can find the full text at archive.org
  7. Walter Lippmann, Public Opinion (Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1922), p. 16. At the time of this publication, you can find the full text at en.wikisource.org
  8. Walter Lippmann, The Phantom Public (Transaction Publishers,1925), p. 155. At the time of this publication, you can find the full text at gutenberg.org
  9. Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman , Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media (Pantheon Books, 1988). At the time of this publication, you can find the full text at files.libcom.org
  10. Edward Bernays, Propaganda (Horace Liveright, 1928), p. 9. At the time of this publication, you can find the full text at dn720002.ca.archive.org
  11. Jerry Mander, Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television (William Morrow and Company, 1978), p. 249. At the time of this publication, you can find the full text at thetedkarchive.com

Chapter 13 Honest theories

  1. Karl Popper, The Open Society and It’s Enemies, New One-Volume Edition (Princeton, 2013), p. 306
  2. “Countering Criticism of the Warren Report,” CIA Internal Document, 4 January 1967 (submitted for Freedom of Information Act review in September 1976, full release 1996), via Internet Archive at ia600109.us.archive.org
  3. David Coady, “Conspiracy theory as heresy,” Educational Philosophy and Theory, 55(7), 2023, pp. 756–759, doi.org
  4. “The bombing of the Rainbow Warrior,” Greenpeace.org, greenpeace.org
  5. “Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior,” Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org
  6. John Vidal and Helen Weinstein, “RAF rainmakers 'caused 1952 flood',” The Guardian, 30 August 2001, theguardian.com
  7. “Rain-making link to killer floods,” BBC News World Edition, 30 August 2001, news.bbc.co.uk
  8. Tamzy J. House et al, “Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025,” Air War College Air Command and Staff College Maxwell Air Force Base, Defense Technical Information Center, U.S. Government, 2025, apps.dtic.mil
  9. Jonathan O’Callaghan, “Controversial geoengineering projects to test Earth-cooling tech funded by UK agency,” Nature, 07 May 2025, nature.com
  10. James Temple, “Harvard has halted its long-planned atmospheric geoengineering experiment,” MIT Technology Review, 18 March 2024, technologyreview.com
  11. Nicholas M. Horrock, “80 Institutions Used in C.I.A. Mind Studies,” The New York Times, 4 August 1977, via CIA.gov at cia.gov
  12. “MKUltra,” Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org
  13. Alston Chase, “Harvard and the Making of the Unabomber,” The Atlantic, June 2000, theatlantic.com
  14. Theodore Kaczynski, “Industrial Society and Its Future,” 1995 (Hache, 15 November 2013), editions-hache.com
  15. Harold Cardinal, The Unjust Society: The Tragedy of Canada’s Indians (M. G. Hurtig, 1969), p. 28

Chapter 14 Taxing problems

  1. Michael Anson and Michael D. Bennett, “The collection of slavery compensation 1835-43,” Bank of England, Staff Working Paper No. 1,006, 25 November 2022, bankofengland.co.uk
  2. Naomi Fowler, “Britain’s Slave Owner Compensation Loan, reparations and tax havenry,” Tax Justice Network, 9 June 2020, taxjustice.net
  3. “France urged to repay billions of dollars to Haiti for independence ‘ransom’,” The Guardian, 18 April 2024, theguardian.com
  4. Matthew Keep, “Tax statistics: an overview,” House of Commons Library, UK Government 9 June 2026, researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk
  5. “How much revenue has the U.S. government collected this year? – Federal Revenue Trends Over Time,” fiscaldata.treasury.gov, U.S. Government, fiscaldata.treasury.gov
  6. “What is inflation?” Bank of England, bankofengland.co.uk
  7. John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (Harcourt, Brace and Howe, 1920), p. 235. At the time of this publication, you can find the full text at gutenberg.org
  8. Christiaan Hetzner, “The pandemic may have been one of the ‘best times in recorded history’ for the world’s burgeoning billionaire class,” Fortune, 23 May 2022, fortune.com
  9. “Profiting from pain: The urgency of taxing the rich amid a surge in billionaire wealth and a global cost-of-living crisis,” Oxfam International, 23 May 2022, oxfam.org
  10. Ron Surz, “Money Printing and Inflation: COVID, Cryptocurrencies and More,” Nasdaq, 16 November 2021, nasdaq.com
  11. “Quantitative easing: a dangerous addiction? - Chapter 3: QE and the COVID-19 pandemic,” Economic Affairs, parliament.uk, 2021, publications.parliament.uk
  12. “Our response to the coronavirus pandemic,” European Central Bank, ecb.europa.eu
  13. Saifedean Ammous, The Fiat Standard: Debt Slavery Alternative to Human Civilization (The Saif House: 2021), pp. 221-222
  14. Gold was valued at approximately $20 per troy ounce in USD in 1914, compared to a surge to nearly $5000 at the time of writing in February 2026, representing a 99.6% reduction in the value of the US dollar. Similarly, Gold was valued at £4.25 per troy ounce in 1914 compared to roughly £3600 at the time of writing, representing almost 99.9% reduction in the value of the pound.
  15. Ron Paul, End the Fed (Grand Central Publishing, 2009), p. 154
  16. “RPI: Ave price - Bread: white loaf, sliced, 800g,” U.K. Government Office for National Statistics, 17 June 2026, ons.gov.uk
  17. Richard A. Werner, “Can banks individually create money out of nothing? – The theories and the empirical evidence,” International Review of Financial Analysis, Volume 36, December 2014, pp. 1-19, doi.org
  18. “Inflation Lowers Government Debt Ratios,” FitchRatings, 16 Feb, 2022, fitchratings.com
  19. Jorgelina Do Rosario, “Global debt hits new record high at $313 trillion – IIF,” Reuters, 21 February 2024, reuters.com
  20. Saifedean Ammous, The Fiat Standard: Debt Slavery Alternative to Human Civilization (The Saif House: 2021), p. 224
  21. Ibid., p. 51
  22. Adam LeBor, The Tower of Basel: The Shadowy History of the Secret Bank that Runs the World (PublicAffairs, 2014), p. 16. At the time of this publication, you can find the full text at irp.cdn-website.com
  23. Ibid., p. 9. Original citation (Gates McGarrah, A Balance Wheel of World Credit, Nation’s Business, March 1931, 24. BIS archive, File 7.18 (2), MCG8/55) not available for viewing.
  24. Satoshi Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,” bitcoin.org, 2008, bitcoin.org
  25. Richard Werner, “The ORIGIN of Bitcoin??” Valhalla Network, YouTube, 1 August 2023 - youtube.com
  26. Black Elk, Touch the Earth, compiled by T. C. McLuhan (Outerbridge & Dienstfrey, 1971), p. 71

Chapter 15 Warlords

  1. Sarah Turnnidge, “Error in BBC reporting doesn’t mean 9/11 was scripted,” Full Fact, 13 September 2021, fullfact.org
  2. Anne Karpf, “Uncle Sam's lucky finds,” The Guardian, 18 Mar 2002, theguardian.com
  3. “Why did the US and allies invade Iraq, 20 years ago?” BBC, 19 March 2023, bbc.com
  4. “Why Was the Biggest Protest in World History Ignored?” Time, 15 February 2013, time.com
  5. Owen Dyer, “More than half a million Iraqis have been killed since invasion,” BMJ (British Medical Journal), National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 2006 October 21, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  6. Hanna Duggal and AJLabs, “'We are still displaced,' 20 years after the Iraq war,” The Nahrein Network, University College London, 5 April 2023, ucl.ac.uk
  7. Richard Wray, “Lockheed profit boosted by war,” The Guardian, 22 April 2003, theguardian.com
  8. “Iraq: 20 years on from US-led invasion, the companies that profited,” Business and Human Rights Centre, 21 March 2023, business-humanrights.org
  9. Matt Kennard, “BP extracted Iraqi oil worth £15bn after British invasion,” Declassified UK, 22 March 2023, declassifieduk.org
  10. “£2 million for Blair, but what's in it for Morgan?” The Standard, 12 April 2012, standard.co.uk
  11. Steven Morris, “Pensioner jailed over council tax bill,” The Guardian, 23 October 2000, theguardian.com
  12. Roger Hallam, “I've Been Sentenced to 5 Years in Prison - Here's Why,” rogerhallam.com, 19 Jul 2024, rogerhallam.com
  13. “Peter Tatchell arrested at Palestine protest on fake charges,” Peter Tatchell Foundation, 18 May 2025, petertatchellfoundation.org
  14. David Mikkelson, “Did a Nazi Leader Say Convincing People to Support War is 'Simple'?” Snopes Fact Check, 3 October 2002, snopes.com
  15. “Global Peace Index 2026,” Institute for Economics and Peace, p. 2, economicsandpeace.org
  16. “Peace Perceptions Poll 2018,” International Alert, September 2018, international-alert.org
  17. “Battle-related deaths (number of people),” World Bank Group DataBank, Metadata Glossary, 2024, databank.worldbank.org
  18. “Global Trends Report,” UNHCR (The UN Refugee Agency), 11 June 2026, unhcr.org
  19. “Global military spending rise continues as European and Asian expenditures surge,” Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 27 April 2026, sipri.org
  20. Katie Balevic, “Elon Musk — officially the world's richest man — says he thinks 'Putin is significantly richer than me',” Business Insider, 26 March 2022, businessinsider.com
  21. Ron Paul, End the Fed (Grand Central Publishing, 2009), p. 63
  22. Ludwig von Mises, Nation, State, and Economy: Contributions to the Politics and History of Our Time, trans. Leland B. Yeager (New York: New York University Press, 1983), p. 163
  23. Dr Stuart Parkinson, “How big are global military carbon emissions?” Responsible Science journal No.5, Scientists for Global Responsibility, 8 July 2023, sgr.org.uk
  24. “US military consumes more hydrocarbons than most countries – with a massive hidden impact on the climate,” Lancaster University, 20 June 2019, lancaster.ac.uk
  25. “How increasing global military expenditure threatens SDG 13 on Climate action,” Conflict and Environment Observatory, May 2025, ceobs.org
  26. Duncan Depledge, “Low-carbon warfare: climate change, net zero and military operations,” International Affairs, Volume 99, Issue 2, March 2023, pp. 667-685, doi.org
  27. David Robson, “The '3.5% rule': How a small minority can change the world,” BBC Future, 14 May 2019, bbc.co.uk
  28. Thomas E Mails, The Hopi Survival Kit (Penguin Compass, 1997), p. 185

Chapter 16 Going nuclear

  1. Robert J. Konczyk, “North American Indian Prophecies: The Hopi Fire Clan Tablet & The Bahá'í Faith,” academia.edu, academia.edu
  2. Albert Einstein, “Einstein’s Letter,1939,” The Manhattan Project: An Interactive History, U.S. Department of Energy, osti.gov
  3. “Report by the M.A.U.D. Committee on the Use of Uranium for a Bomb,” fissilematerials.org, fissilematerials.org
  4. Broken Rainbow, dir. Victoria Mudd, Earthworks Films, 1985, en.wikipedia.org
  5. The Decision to Drop the Bomb, dir. Fred Freed & Len Giovannitti, NBC News, 1965, trumanlibrary.gov
  6. Broken Rainbow, dir. Victoria Mudd, Earthworks Films, 1985, en.wikipedia.org
  7. “Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance,” Arms Control Association, June 2026, armscontrol.org
  8. “It is now 85 seconds to midnight: 2026 Doomsday Clock Statement,” Science and Security Board, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 27 January 2026, thebulletin.org
  9. “Chernobyl: the true scale of the accident,” World Health Organization, 5 September 2005, who.int
  10. “Fukushima Daiichi Accident,” Safety and Security, World Nuclear Association, updated 11 June 2026, world-nuclear.org
  11. “Fourteen Years after the Fukushima Disaster, Human Rights Violations against IDPs Continue,” HumanRightsNow, 7 June 2025, hrn.or.jp
  12. “Lessons Learned from the Fukushima Nuclear Accident for Improving Safety of U.S. Nuclear Plants: Appendix L, Factoring the Costs of Severe Nuclear Accidents into Backfit Decisions,” Committee on Lessons Learned from the Fukushima Nuclear Accident for Improving Safety and Security of U.S. Nuclear Plants; Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Research Council (Washington, DC: National Academies Press), 2014 Oct 29, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
  13. Duncan Leatherdale, “Windscale Piles: Cockcroft's Follies avoided nuclear disaster,” BBC News, 4 November 2014, bbc.co.uk
  14. A. Mayall, “The regulation of technetium-99 discharges at Sellafield,” International conference on issues and trends in radioactive waste management, Vienna, Austria, December 2002, inis.iaea.org
  15. “Bosses slammed over nuclear leak,” BBC News, 24 February 2007, news.bbc.co.uk
  16. “UK parliament committee calls for speedier Sellafield clean-up,” World Nuclear News, 5 June 2025, world-nuclear-news.org
  17. “Processing of Used Nuclear Fuel,” Nuclear Fuel Cycle, World Nuclear Association, updated 23 August 2024, world-nuclear.org
  18. Kit Chapman, “Speaking to the future,” Distillations Magazine, 19 April 2022, sciencehistory.org
  19. “Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards in Ukraine,” International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), iaea.org
  20. Mark Holt and Mary Beth D Nikitin, “Russian Military Actions at Ukraine’s Nuclear Power Plants,” Congressional Research Service (CRS), Library of Congress, 12 April 2024, congress.gov
  21. “Update 322 – IAEA Director General Statement on Situation in Ukraine,” International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 18 October 2025, iaea.org
  22. “Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards in Ukraine,” International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), iaea.org
  23. “The Navajo Nation Radon Program,” United States Environmental Protection Agency, last updated on 8 September 2025, epa.gov
  24. Joanna Walters, “Grand Canyon uranium mining ban upheld as supreme court declines to hear challenge,” The Guardian, 1 October 2018, theguardian.com
  25. Some isotopes have half lives of tens of thousands of years, such as Plutonium-239 with a half life of 24,000 years. A human generation is around 25 years, so 1000 generations is the time it would take to halve its radiation level.
  26. Guido Núñez-Mujica et al, “The German Nuclear Phase-out,” The Anthropocene Institute, 2025, anthropoceneinstitute.com
  27. Julian Wettengel, “Germany’s energy consumption and power mix in charts,” Clean Energy Wire, 18 Dec 2025, cleanenergywire.org
  28. “Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Implications on National Security, Public Safety, and Government Transparency”, House Committee Hearing, House Oversight and Accountability Subcommittee on National Security, the Border, and Foreign Affairs, US Congress, 26 July 2023, congress.gov
  29. “Presidential Unsealing and Reporting System for UAP Encounters (PURSUE),” Fourth Tranche of Records, U.S. Department of War, 10 July 2026, war.gov
  30. Robert Hastings, UFOs & Nukes : Extraordinary Encounters at Nuclear Weapons Sites (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017), p. 4
  31. “Amazing UFO Fleet Over Fukushima Japan March 26, 2011,” Big Slivs, YouTube, 27 March 2011, youtube.com
  32. The Age of Disclosure, dir. Dan Farah, Farah Films, 2025, en.wikipedia.org
  33. “Fossil Fuels Market Size, Share, and Trends 2026 to 2035,” Precedence Research, Energy and Power, last updated 5 January 2026, precedenceresearch.com
  34. Albert Einstein, “First fundraising telegram for the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists, 23 May 1946,” Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists Records, scarc.library.oregonstate.edu

Back to contents

Part Three

Fertile Ground

Chapter 17 Rewilding our minds

  1. John Taylor Gatto, “I Quit, I Think,” Wall Street Journal, 25 July 1991, educationrevolution.org
  2. John Taylor Gatto, Weapons of Mass Instruction: A Schoolteacher's Journey Through the Dark World of Compulsory Schooling, (New Society Publishers, 2010), p. 61
  3. Johann Gottlieb Fichte, The General Nature of the New Education, trans. R.F. Jones and G.H. Turnbull (The Open Court Publishing Company, 1922), p. 20. At the time of this publication, you can find the full text at ia803103.us.archive.org
  4. Ellwood Patterson Cubberley, Public school administration : a statement of the fundamental principles underlying the organization and administration of public education (Houghton Mifflin Co, 1922), p. 338. At the time of this publication, you can find the full text at archive.org
  5. H. L. Mencken, The American Mercury, 24 April 1924, as quoted in Chris Leithner, H. L. “Mencken on Governments and Politicians,” Le Quebecaois Libre, no. 259, 15 September 2008, quebecoislibre.org
  6. John Taylor Gatto, “Schooling an Industrial Proletariat,” Foundation for Economic Education (FEE), 26 January 2015, fee.org
  7. Thomas E Mails, The Hopi Survival Kit (Penguin Compass, 1997), p. 69
  8. Sir Ken Robinson, “Do schools kill creativity?” TED2006, February 2006, ted.com
  9. The Evolving Self: Problem and Process in Human Development, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983)
  10. Robert Kegan, In Over Our Heads: The Mental Demands of Modern Life (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998)
  11. William T. Harris, The Philosophy of Education, from a series of lectures delivered 7-14 January 1893, p. 3, elliotbramham.com
  12. Marshall McLuhan, “The Playboy Interview,” Playboy Magazine, March 1969. At the time of this publication, you can find the full text at web.cs.ucdavis.edu
  13. Jerry Mander, Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television (HarperCollins, 1977), p. 26. At the time of this publication, you can find the full text at thetedkarchive.com
  14. Nataliya Kosmyna et al, “Your Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of Cognitive Debt when Using an AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task,” MIT Media Lab, June 2025, arxiv.org
  15. Helen Thomson, “‘Don’t ask what AI can do for us, ask what it is doing to us’: are ChatGPT and co harming human intelligence?” The Guardian, 19 April 2025, theguardian.com
  16. Sayed Fayaz Ahmad et al, “Impact of artificial intelligence on human loss in decision making, laziness and safety in education,” Nature, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 9 June 2023, nature.com. Note that three years after publication, this article was retracted from Nature following ‘concerns regarding insufficient ethical approval for the research involving human participants,' though the findings of the study were not challenged.
  17. Olivia Le Poidevin, “Tech giants' indirect emissions rose 150% in three years as AI expands, UN agency says,” Reuters, 5 June 2025, reuters.com
  18. Dawn Stover, “AI Goes Nuclear,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 19 December 2024, thebulletin.org
  19. Chris Isidore, “Elon Musk’s bold new plan to put AI in orbit isn’t as crazy as it sounds,” CNN, 4 February 2026, edition.cnn.com

Chapter 18 Breaking the spell

  1. Ron Jones, “The third wave, 1967: an account,” libcom.org, libcom.org. You can find further information on this remarkable experiment on Wikipedia at en.wikipedia.org.
  2. Ibid.
  3. Ibid.
  4. Ibid.
  5. Ibid.
  6. Ibid.
  7. Rebecca Lemov, The Instability of Truth: Brainwashing, Mind Control, and Hyper-Persuasion (W. W. Norton & Company, 2025), p. 41
  8. Solomon E. Asch, “Effects of Group Pressure Upon the Modification and Distortion of Judgements,” in Groups, Leadership and Men: Research in Human Relations, ed. Harold Guetzkow (Carnegie Press, 1951), pp. 177-190
  9. Mattias Desmet, The Psychology of Totalitarianism (Chelsea Green Publishing, 2022), pp. 94-95
  10. Ibid., p. 96
  11. Hannah Arendt, from an interview with Roger Errera in 1973, as quoted in Roger Berkowitz, “On Fake Hannah Arendt Quotations,” Amor Mundi, The Hannah Arendt Center for Politics and Humanities, Bard College, 4 August 2024, hac.bard.edu
  12. Aldous Huxley, The Devils of Loudun (Vintage, 2019), pp. 367-368
  13. “He's Seen More UFO Evidence Than Anyone Alive (Ft. Jacques Vallee),” American Alchemy Podcast, YouTube, 22 November 2022, youtube.com
  14. Tristan Harris, “Humane: A New Agenda for Tech with Tristan Harris – Presentation and Transcript,” Ethical, 5 May 2019, ethical.net
  15. Robert Epstein and Ronald Robertson, “The search engine manipulation effect (SEME) and its possible impact on the outcomes of elections,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 4 August 2015, doi.org
  16. John D. McKinnon and Douglas MacMillan, “Google Workers Discussed Tweaking Search Function to Counter Travel Ban,” Wall Street Journal, 20 September 2018, wsj.com
  17. “Harvard Scientist Uncovers Google's 'Mk-Ultra 2.0',” Danny Jones Podcast, YouTube, 2 June 2025, youtube.com
  18. Dr. Robert Malone, MD, The Joe Rogan Experience, Episode #1757, 31 December 2021, open.spotify.com
  19. Steven Hassan, Combating Cult Mind Control (Freedom of Mind Press, 2024), p. 83
  20. Ibid., p. 82
  21. Ibid., pp. 89-91
  22. Tristan Harris, “Humane: A New Agenda for Tech with Tristan Harris – Presentation and Transcript,” Ethical, 5 May 2019, ethical.net
  23. Wilhelm Reich, The Mass Psychology of Fascism (Condor, 1970), p. 19
  24. Ibid. p. 23
  25. James U. McNeal, in a segment of Consuming Kids: The Commercialization of Childhood, dir. Adriana Barbaro and Jeremy Earp, Media Education Foundation, 2008, imdb.com
  26. “Report of the APA Task Force on Advertising and Children,” American Psychological Association, 2004, apa.org
  27. H Andaç Demirtaş-Madran, “Accepting Restrictions and Compliance With Recommended Preventive Behaviors for COVID-19: A Discussion Based on the Key Approaches and Current Research on Fear Appeals,” Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 12, 7 June 2021, doi.org
  28. Carolyn Centeno Milton, “Fear Shrinks Your Brain and Makes You Less Creative,” Forbes, 18 April 2018, forbes.com
  29. Stanislav Grof, The Ultimate Journey: Consciousness and the Mystery of Death (2nd Edition), Kindle Edition, (Synergetic Press, 2006), p. 78
  30. Steven Hassan, Combating Cult Mind Control (Freedom of Mind Press, 2024), p. 213
  31. Ibid., p. 215
  32. Rumi, The Masnavi
  33. Francesco Fattori et al, “Authority Relationship From a Societal Perspective: Social Representations of Obedience and Disobedience in Austrian Young Adults,” EJOP (Europe’s Journal of Psychology), Volume 11 (2), 29 May 2015, doi.org
  34. Howard Zinn, Voices of A people's history of the United States (Seven Stories Press, 2009), p. 484

Chapter 19 Forbidden Fruits

  1. R.D. Laing, The Facts of Life (Penguin, 1976), p. 76
  2. Rayyan Zafar et al, “Psychedelic therapy in the treatment of addiction: the past, present and future,” Frontiers in Psychiatry, Volume 14, 12 June 2023, doi.org
  3. Professor David Nutt, “Society’s inconsistent moral judgements of potentially harmful activities,” Drug Science, 6 March 2020, drugscience.org.uk
  4. Mark Tran, “Government drug adviser David Nutt sacked,” The Guardian, 30 Oct 2009, theguardian.com
  5. David J Nutt et al, “Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis,” The Lancet, Volume 376, Issue 9752, pp. 1558-1565, 6 November 2010, thelancet.com
  6. “The War on Consciousness – Graham Hancock,” After Skool, YouTube, 10 July 2018, youtube.com
  7. Aristedes the Rhetor, "Eleusinian Oration," as quoted in R. Gordon Wasson, Albert Hofmann, and Carl A.P. Ruck, The Road to Eleusis (North Atlantic Books, 2008), p. 27
  8. Tullius Cicero, De Legibus, II, xiv, 37
  9. “Psychedelic Science,” dir. Bill Eagles, Horizon, Season 4, Episode 1, BBC, 27 February 1997, imdb.com
  10. Willis W. Harman et al, “Psychedelic Agents in Creative Problem-Solving: A Pilot Study,” Psychological Reports, Volume 19, Issue 1, August 1966, doi.org
  11. Sam Gandy et al, “Psychedelics as potential catalysts of scientific creativity and insight,” Drug Science, 16 May 2022, doi.org
  12. Ryan O'Hare, “Magic mushroom compound increases brain connectivity in people with depression,” Imperial, Imperial College London, 11 April 2022, imperial.ac.uk
  13. Matthias Forstmann et al, “Among psychedelic-experienced users, only past use of psilocybin reliably predicts nature relatedness,” Journal of Psychopharmacology, Volume 37, Issue 1, 2023, pp. 93-106, journals.sagepub.com
  14. Hannes Kettner et al, “From Egoism to Ecoism: Psychedelics Increase Nature Relatedness in a State-Mediated and Context-Dependent Manner,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Volume 16, December 2019, researchgate.net
  15. R. Gordon Wasson, Albert Hofmann, and Carl A.P. Ruck, The Road to Eleusis (North Atlantic Books, 2008), p. 147
  16. Ibid., p. 148
  17. Thích Nhất Hạnh, The miracle of mindfulness: An Introduction to the Practice of Meditation (Beacon Press, 1987), p. 15
  18. Carl Jung, Civilization in transition (Pantheon Books, 1964), pp. 144-145
  19. Timothy D Wilson et al, “Just think: The challenges of the disengaged mind,” Science, Volume 345, Issue 6192, 4 Jul 2014, pp. 75–77 doi.org
  20. Ibid.
  21. Hannah Arendt, The Life of the Mind (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1981), p. 176
  22. Jane C. Hu, “‘Net-zero trauma by 2070’: 5 Questions for MAPS founder Rick Doblin,” The Microdose, 21 August 2023, themicrodose.substack.com

Chapter 20 Embracing the Kaos

No footnotes in this chapter.

Back to contents

Part Four

Fresh Shoots

Chapter 21 Watering the seeds

  1. Chad Oliver, Shadows in the Sun (Max Reinhardt Publishers, 1955), p. 27
  2. Victor Papanek, Design for the Real World (3rd Edition) (Thames & Hudson, 2019), p. 154
  3. Ibid.
  4. Abraham Maslow, The farther reaches of human nature (Viking Press, 1971), p. 181
  5. Ibid., pp. 85-86
  6. Howard Zinn, You can't be neutral on a moving train: A personal history of our times (Beacon Press, 1994), p. 101

Chapter 22 Sowing our wild words

  1. A good book to check out if you want to explore this further is Writing Down the Bones by Natalie Goldberg (Shambala Publications, 1986).

Chapter 23 Nourishing the whole brain

  1. Iain McGilchrist, The Master and his emissary (Yale University Press, 2019), p. 6
  2. I recommend reading Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain and Drawing on the Artist Within by Betty Edwards, both published by HarperCollins, which contain fascinating theories on the art of drawing and creativity as well as many practical exercises.
  3. Iain McGilchrist, The Master and his emissary (Yale University Press, 2019), p. 66
  4. An explanation of Image Streaming is included in a number of Win Wenger’s books including Beyond O.K. (Psychegenics Press, 1979).

Chapter 24 A pathway to hope

  1. Jessica Bohme, “How do we know good philosophy when we see it?” LinkedIn, 24 November 2025, linkedin.com

Chapter 25 Instructions for humanity

  1. Mahatma Gandhi, “General knowledge about health [-XXXII] – 12. Accidents: Snake-bite,” originally published in his newspaper Indian Opinion, 9 August 9 1913, and reprinted in: The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Volume 13, Chapter 153, 12 March 1919 - 25 December 1920, p. 241. At the time of this publication, you can find the full text of The Collected Works online courtesy of Bharatiya Janata Party Public Library at library.bjp.org.
  2. As an oral traditional there is no definitive text detailing the instructions in one place, but one of the best sources is Thomas E Mails, The Hopi Survival Kit (Penguin Compass, 1997).
  3. “Hopi Elders' Prophecy, June 8, 2000,” attributed to Hopi Elders of Oraibi, Arizona. Widely circulated version available at Whole Earth Collective (bemagazine.org) and similar spiritual and eco-centric archives. Earliest consistent online appearances ca. 2000–2002.

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